Irving Fisher (1867-1947)

Se naste la Saugerties, New York pe 27 februarie 1867. Isi da doctoratul la Yale University (B.A., 1888; Ph.D., 1891),  unde lucreaza ca instructor in mathematics (1890-91), tutor in mathematics (1891-93), assistant professor of mathematics (1893-95), assistant professor of political and social science (1895-98), professor of political economy (1898-1935), si professor emeritus (1935-47). 

Irving Fisher a facut aporturi foarte originale stiintei economice. A propus curbele de indiferenta ca metoda de analiza. A introdus diferenta cheie intre fluxuri si stocuri. A elaborat modele mecanice bazate pe depozite de apa, bombe si tuburi, pentru a simula circulatia economica si financiara.  A ajutat la cunoasterea de catre lumea anglosaxona a scolii austriace si a aparat necesitatea mentinerii unui coeficient de casa bancar de 100% pentru a evita crizele. Totusi a fost un mare aparator al teoriei cantitative a banilor. Prestigiul sau a decazut brusc cand, cateva zile inainte de crac-ul din 1929, a publicat un articol opinand ca bursa ar fi atins un "high plateau" de unde nu va cobori niciodata.

Fisher a scris numeroase articole despre matematica, politica economica, tuberculoza, dieta si sanatate publica. A fost consilier prezidential si a murit la New Haven, Conneticut, pe 19 aprilie 1947.

Lucrari:

• Mathematical Investigations in the Theory of Value and Prices, 1892.
• Appreciation and Interest, 1896.
• "The Role of Capital in Economic Theory", 1897, EJ.
• "Precedents for Definining Capital" , 1898, QJE.
• The Nature of Capital and Income, 1906.
• The Rate of Interest, 1907.
• National Vitality, its wastes and conservation, 1910.
• The Purchasing Power of Money: Its determination and relation to credit, interest and crises, 1911.
• Elementary Principles of Economics, 1912.
• "The Impatience Theory of Interest", 1913, AER.
• Why is the Dollar Shrinking? A study in the high cost of living, 1914.
• After the war, what?  A plea for a league of peace.  1914.
• "Is "Utility" the Most Suitable Term for the Concept It is Used to Denote?", 1918, AER.
• "Economists in Public Service", 1919, AER.
• Stabilizing the Dollar, 1920.
• The Making of Index Numbers: A study of their varieties, tests and reliability, 1922.
• "The Statistical Relation Between Unemployment and Price Changes", 1926, International Labor Review
• Prohibition at its Worst, 1927.
• The Money Illusion, 1928.
• The Theory of Interest: As determined by the impatience to spend income and opportunity to invest it. , 1930.
• Booms and Depressions, 1932.
• "The Debt-Deflation Theory of Great Depressions", 1933, Econometrica.
• Inflation, 1933.
• Stamp Scrip, 1933.
• 100% Money, 1935.