George L.S. Shackle, (1903-1992)

George Lennox Sharman Shackle, s-a nascut la Cambridge, studiaza, isi ia licentiatura si obtine doctoratul la London School of Economics. Isi incepe munca docenta la LSE, transladandu-se in 1951 la Universitatea din Liverpool unde ramane pana la pensionare.

Principalul aport, pentru care este si cunoscut, este minutioasa sa analiza a asteptarilor, incertitudinea, riscul si timpul, tema careia ii dedica practic intreaga sa opera.

Initial a elaborat o teorie moderata asupra "functiei surpriza" ca forma de a ocoli dilema predictiilor in conditii de incertitudine. Agentii economici prezic viitorul si au asteptari determinate cel putin in sensul negativ, fiind surprinsi de determinate realizari.

Keynes sustinuse ca investitiile sunt imprevizibile si volatile exact pentru instabilitatea asteptarilor intreprinzatorilor. Aceasta idee este acceptata in general in macroeconomie, dar teoreticienii microeconomiei obisnuiesc sa o respinga, preferand sa lucreze cu presupunerea de informatie perfecta. Cea mai recenta teorie a asteptarilor rationale, in care se analizeaza forma in care se formeaza asteptarile, a acordat foarte putina atentie lucrarilor pioniere ale lui Shackle. 

In ultimele sale lucrari critica teoriile economice dominante pentru ignorarea conceptului timp. Credinta sa de fiecare data mai profunda in ceea ce priveste imposibilitatea prezicerii viitorului il face sa ajunga la o pozitie aproape nihilista lasand astfel putin loc unei viziuni stiintifice a economiei.

Lucrari

Puteti apasa aici pentru a vedea cartile lui
 George L.S. Shackle

puse in vanzare
  • Expectations, Investment and Income, 1938.
  • "The Multiplier in Closed and Open Systems", 1939, Oxford EP.
  • "Myrdal's Analysis of Monetary Equilibrium", 1945, Oxford EP.
  • "Interest Rates and the Pace of Investment", 1946, EJ.
  • "The Deflative or Inflative Tendency of Government Receipts and Disbursements", 1947, Oxford EP.
  • "Probability and Uncertainty", 1949, Metroeconomica.
  • "Non-Additive Measure of Uncertainty", 1949, RES.
  • Expectation in Economics, 1949.
  • "The Nature of Interest Rates", 1949, Oxford EP.
  • "Three Versions of the f-Surface: Some notes for a comparison", 1950, RES.
  • "The Nature and Role of Profit", 1951, Metroeconomica.
  • "Twenty Years On: a survey of the theory of the multiplier", 1951, EJ.
  • "On the Meaning and Measure of Uncertainty", 1952-3, two papers, Metroeconomica.
  • "The Logic of Surprise", 1953, Economica.
  • "A Chart of Economic Theory", 1953, Metroeconomica.
  • Uncertainty in Economics and Other Reflections, 1955.
  • "Expectation and Liquidity", 1958, en Bowman, editor, Uncertainty and Business Decision.
  • Time in Economics, 1958.
  • Decision, Order and Time in Human Affairs, 1961.
  • A Scheme of Economic Theory, 1965.
  • The Years of High Theory: Invention and tradition in economic thought, 1926-1939., 1967.
  • "On the Nature of Profit", 1967, Woolwich Economic Papers.
  • Expectations, Enterprise and Profit, 1970.
  • Epistemics and Economics, 1972.
  • "Marginalism: The harvest", 1972, HOPE.
  • Keynesian Kaleidics, 1974.
  • "New Tracks for Economic Theory, 1926-1939", 1977, in Weintraub, editor, Modern Economic Thought.
  • Imagination and the Nature of Choice, 1979.
  • "Means and Meaning in Economic Theory", 1982, Scottish JE.
  • "A Student's Pilgrimmage", 1983, BNLQR.
  • "The Bounds of Unknowledge", 1983, in Wiseman, editor, Beyond Positive Economics.
  • "Levels of Simplicity in Keynes's Theory of Money and Employment", 1983, South African JE.
  • "The Origination of Choice", 1986, in Kirzner, editor, Subjectivism, Intelligibility and Economic Understanding.
  • Business, Time and Thought, 1988.
  • "A Student's Pilgrimmage" 1989, in Kregel, editor, Recollections of Eminent Economists.