Grandes Economistas
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Jacob Viner, 1892-1970
Nacido en Canadá, Viner dirige junto con Knight la
Escuela de Chicago durante el perÃodo de entre guerras. Trabaja en muy diversos
campos pero destaca especialmente en la historia del pensamiento económico y en
la teorÃa del comercio internacional.
Viner se opuso y criticó el análisis teórico de Keynes
a pesar de estar de acuerdo con sus implicaciones polÃticas. Ya en 1933 Viner
señaló la conveniencia de déficits fiscales para superar la gran depresión y
se mostró partidario de medidas discrecionales más que reglas fijas. Sin
embargo criticó el análisis keynesiano de la preferencia por la liquidez y lo
que consideraba una teorÃa demasiado simplista de la demanda agregada.
Consideraba que el keynesianismo podÃa ser válida "a corto plazo"
pero que la teorÃa neoclásica tenÃa razón "a largo plazo".
Viner hizo también
interesantes aportaciones microeconómicas estudiando la determinación de los
precios de mercado y las relaciones entre curvas de costes y curvas de oferta en
el corto y en el largo plazo. Él fue quien cometió uno de los errores
garrafales más famosos de la historia de la economÃa. Pidió a su colaborador,
Y.K. Wong, que dibujara una curva de costes a largo plazo que fuera tangente a
las curvas de costes a corto plazo en sus puntos mÃnimos; como su ayudante no
pudo realizar el encargo, Viner comentó, al publicar el artÃculo, que el
gráfico aparecÃa de forma insatisfactoria debido a la torpeza del ayudante,
sin darse cuenta de que el torpe no era el ayudante sino él mismo, que estaba
exigiendo algo matemáticamente imposible.
Obras de Jacob Viner
- "Some Problems of Logical Method in Political Economy", 1917, JPE
- "Price Policies: the determination of market price", 1921.
- Dumping: A problem in international trade, 1923.
- Canada's Balance of International Indebtedness: 1900- 1913, 1924.
- "The Utility Concept in Value Theory and its Critics", 1925, JPE.
- "Adam Smith and Laissez-Faire",
1927, JPE
- "The Present Status and Future Prospects of Quantitative Economics",
1928, AER
- "Mills' Behavior of Prices", 1929, QJE
- "Costs Curves and Supply Curve", 1931, ZfN.
- "The Doctrine of Comparative Costs", 1932, WWA
- "Inflation as a Possible Remedy for the Depression", 1933, Proceedings
of Institute of Public Affairs, Univ. of Georgia
- "Mr. Keynes and the Causes of Unemployment",
1936, QJE.
- Studies in the Theory of International Trade, 1937.
- "Marshall's Economics, in Relation to the Man and to his Times",
1941, AER
- Trade Relations Between Free-Market and Controlled Economies, 1943.
- "International Relations between State-Controlled National Economies",
1944, AER.
- "Prospects for Foreign Trade in the Post-War World", 1946, Manchester
Statistical Society.
- "Power Versus Plenty as Objectives of Foreign Policy in the
Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", 1948, World Politics
- "Bentham and J.S. Mill: the Utilitarian Background", 1949, AER
- The Customs Union Issue, 1950.
- A
Modest Proposal for Some Stress on Scholarship in Graduate Training,
1950 - PDF
format
- International Economics, 1951.
- International Trade and Economic Development, 1952.
- "Review of Schumpeter's History of Economic Analysis", 1954, AER
- "`Fashion' in Economic Thought", 1957, Report of 6th
Conference of Princeton Graduate Alumni
- "International Trade Theory and its Present-Day Relevance",
1955, Economics and Public Policy
- The Long View and the Short: Studies in economic theory, 1958.
- "Stability and Progress: the poorer countries' problem", 1958, en
Hague, editor, Stability and Progress in the World Economy
- Five Lectures on Economics and Freedom, 1959
(Wabash Lectures, pub.
1991)
- "The Intellectual History of Laissez-Faire", 1960, J Law Econ
- "Hayek on Freedom and Coercion", 1960, Southern EJ
- "Relative Abundance of the Factors and International Trade",
1962, Indian EJ
- "The Necessary and Desirable Range of Discretion to be Allowed to a
Monetary Authority", 1962, en Yeager, editor, In Search of a
Monetary Constitution
- "Progressive Individualism as Original Sin", 1963, Canadian J
of Econ & Poli Sci
- "The Earlier Letters of John Stuart Mill", 1963, Univ of
Toronto Quarterly
- "The Economist in History", 1963, AER
- "The United States as a Welfare State", 1963, en Higgenbotham,
editor, Man, Science, Learning and Education
- Problems of Monetary Control, 1964.
- "Comment on my 1936 Review of Keynes", 1964, en Lekachman,
editor, Keynes's General Theory
- "Introduction", en J. Rae, Life of Adam Smith, 1965.
- "Adam Smith", 1968, en Sills, editor, International
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
- "Mercantilist Thought", 1968, en Sills, editor, International
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
- "Man's Economic Status", 1968, en Clifford, editor, Man
Versus Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain.
- "Satire and Economics in the Augustan Age of Satire", 1970, en
Miller et al, editors, The Augustan Milieu
- The Role of Providence in the Social Order, 1972.
- Religious Thought and Economic Society, 1978.
- Essays on the Intellectual History of Economics, 1991.